Backup and Restore SQL User Databases Using PowerShell

There are several ways how to backup and restore SQL databases. Over time, the way I back up and restore databases has changed.
Originally my backup database code looked like this:
The problem is that you needed to have SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) installed for the code to run correctly. Having SSMS installed on a production server is not the best of ideas, so luckily PowerShell gives us the ability to backup all user databases very easily:
Now that we have our databases backed up, let's take a look at the old way that I use to restore databases:
Below is the newer, strictly using PowerShell way that I use to restore the just backed up databases:
Hopefully this will give you a couple of good solutions for backing up and restoring your SQL Server Databases through PowerShell.
-PC

Moving User SQL Databases Using PowerShell

I grew tired of manually moving databases around using a combination of SQL and "Copy / Paste" so wrote out a bit of PowerShell to save me some time and effort.
Notice that I am using the copy-item then deleting the object, not just moving the item. This is because of how permissions on objects are handled with copy vs move, plus I am paranoid about not having my original database handy if the move fails, or the moved database gets corrupted in transit.

Let's take a look at the code

In the first section we will be setting the variables.
The next step is to get the database information:
Once we have the database information, the database will need to be taken OFFLINE: Once the database is offline, we can copy the file, set ACLs, and update the database with the new .mdf and .ldf file locations: Then we can bring the DB back ONLINE Once the DB is back ONLINE, wait for 10 seconds and delete the original database: Here is a look at the code once it is all put together:
Updates
01/01/2016: Fixed issues with ACL for moved files by converting file location to UTC based path format.
01/02/2016: Updated to include snippets and comments
01/05/2016: Major update to fix $destination to UTC path, added copyItem function, item extension switch, updated outputs with write-output and write-verbose.